Electrical-ignition machine



K. H. MORCK.

ELECTRICAL IGNITION MACHINE.

APPLICATION FILED JAN. 4, 1919.

1,412,792, Patented Apr. 11, 1922 4 SHEETS-SHEET l- 7 ,2 i a W 7.5

7 lllllll a 77 79 a e 1 171067662" M w W K. H. MORCK. ELECTRICAL IGNITION MACHINE.

APPLICATION FILED LAN. 4; I919- 4 SHEETS-SHEET 2.

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K. H. MORCK.

ELECTRICAL IGNITION MACHINE.

APPLICATION FILED lAN.4,1919.

1,412,792. Patented Apr. 11, 1922 4 SHEETS-SHEET 3.

l figa A rm M r72. (it/5' K. H. MURCK. ELECTRICAL IGNITION MACHIN'E.

APPLICATION FILED JAN. 4 I919.

m'r n. moms, or BUFFALO, new YORK,

mosson MANUFAQTUBINQ courses, on scream, NEW rose,

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assrsnon. Br trusses assremranrs, a conronarroic ELEGTRICAIZr-XQRITIQN MAGHENE.

Specification of Letters Patent.

Application filed January t, 13119. serial Ito. ceases.

To 0:25 whom it may concern Be it known that 1 KNUT H. Meson, a subject of the King of Sweden, residing at Buffalo in the county of Erie and State of New York, have invented new and useful improvements in" Electrical-Ignition Machines of which the following is a specifica= men.

This invention relates to that class of else-- trical ignition machines comprising a magneto electric generator in which the rotatable flux distributing eiement carries no windings but co-operates with the pole-shoes of a stationary coii It is the general object of the invention to provide a machine of this type especially adapted to the generation of high tension currents for ignition or other purposes and for use with high speedcmuiticylinder ternal combustion engines, although the invention is not restricted to these particuia-r uses.

A special object is to provide a machine -wl1ich insures efiicient and reliable ignition,-

and which at the same time is light and cornpact, with coil windings as well as other delicate parts protected from Injury and all parts, especially the interrupter, easiiy accessible for repairs or adjustment.

Another special object is to provide a machine of this character which insures sufiiciently energetic ignition sparks, properly timed, of equal intensity in those multicylinder engines in which the firing occurs at unequal intervals of crank travei.

A further special object is to provide an ignition machine in which the full magneto motive force of all the magnets is utilized for each generation of the spark.

A further special object is the provision of means in the ignition machine which insure a flux path of high permeability at high flux density with a consequent reduction in weight of the machine for a given output, and of low hysteresis losses and of low remanence with a consequent quick rise of the secondary voltage .to a high peak value and a reduction of undesirable heat genera tion at hi h speeds. 7

An ad itional special object is to provide means in the ignition machine to reduce the inductance of the primary winding at the position of break of the primary circuit break, thereby decreasing the are at the contact points of the interrupter.

The accompanying drawings illustrate one application of the invention, the machine as here shown being a high tension ma neto arranged for use with an engine in which the firing occurs at uneouai intervals of crank travel, with the primary current interrupter located at one shaft-end of rotatable flux conducting element, and a secondary current distributor located at the interrupter end of the machine, and driven by gears from the rotatable member.

F ig. l is a iongitudinal section of the prererred form of the machine. Fig. 2 is a cross section on line 2 Fig. 1. Fig. 3 is a cross sectional View similar to Fig. 2 illustrating modified arrangement of pole pieces and flux conductin members. Fig. 4a is. a perspective view or the magnet pole shoes of said modification. Figs. 5-8 are diagrams showing how the direction of the fiux changes in different positions of the rotatable element. Figs. 9-l2 are semi-diagrammatic cross sectional views of the preferred form of the inven ion showing the rotatable element at ditferent positions ct break of the primary circuit.

Similar characters of reference indicate corresponding parts in the several views.

The balanced rotating element is preferably built up as follows:

1 is thebody portion'of non-magnetic metal and 2 is a steel shaft cast into the same. One of the shaft ends 3 forms the usual driving endof the magneto adapted to be'connected to the engine in any suitable manner. The other shaft end 4 carries a gear 5 for driving the distributor 6 and also carries the rotating part 7 of the primary current interrupter. The shaft ends run in bearings carried by the frame of the machine. The interrupter and the distributor form no part of my invention and may be of any suitable or approved construction.

8, 9, 10, 11, are blocks or fluxconducting members of laminated magnetic material cast into the non-magnetic body portion 1. These blocks are placed in sets, consisting of two members each in the preferred form of the invention here shown. The members composing a set, for example 8 and 9, are

so placed in the body of the rotatable ele' shaped on its outside surface and so mounted in its bearings in the frame of the machine that the faces of the fiux conducting members 8-11, pass with small clearance before the faces of the magnetpole-shoes 12, 12", and the coil core-pieces or shoes 13, 14 as the rotatable member turns on its axis.

Permanent magnets 15 are preferably set on the machine with the axis of their arches parallel to the axis of the rotatable element and withtheir end portions partly enclosing said rotatable element. The flat inner surfaces of the magnets fit closely against said laminated pole-shoes, which are cast into the non-magnetic frame 16 of the machine. The magnets are tightly secured in place by a clamping strap 15, or other suit-able means. No holes or recesses are required in the magnets, thus allowing hardening of the magas shown.

nets to that degree which insures the greatest permanence without danger of cracking the steel in the quenching process. The absence of holes and recesses is further important; since the cross section of the magnet bar is maintained constant, the flux density throughout the flux path in the magnet bar is more nearly uniform, with a consequent utilization of the mass of magnet material to the best advantage.

The magnets are of the same size and their like poles are in close juxtaposition across the inner faces of like poles. Closely connecting them magnetically are the laminated iron pole shoes, 12, 12. In the preferred construction, as shown in all figures except Figs. 3 and 4, the pole shoes are of the same cross section throughouttheir length, as usual. The flux fromall of the magnets is conducted into and out of the blocks 8-11 of magnetic material at each end of said rotatable element alternately; and the full magnetomotive force of allthe magnets acting as a unit is therefore utilized in forcing flux through the coil at each generation of the spark, with a consequent high maximum flux and a high rate of flux change for a given mass of magnet material.

Preferably located in the arch of the magnets above the rotatable member, is a coil whose primary and secondary windings are designated 17 and 18, respectively. These windings are placed on the laminated soft iron core 19. In the preferred construction, as shown especially in Figs. 1 and 2, the core 19 is suitably fastened to the pole pieces 13, 14 which are offset to opposite sides of the center line or plane ofthe axis of the rotatable element. erably parallel to the axis of the arch and the axis of rotation of the rotatable member, By this arrangement the coil windings are located in a protected position outside said rotating element and the space formed by the magnet-arch is advantageously utilized. Such location of the windthere are four alternations of the The windings are pref-' emma ings parallel to the axis of the machine moreover permits the use of relatively long coils of many turns in a few layers and with a small amount of insulation, thereby facilitating the conduction and radiation of-heat generated in the windings.

While but one coil is shown in the preferred construction, I do not limit myself to a single coil, as it is evident that more than one set of windings and more than one coil, may be used without departing from the scope of the invention as summed up in the claims. i

-Figs. 5-8 show the course of the flux in different positions of the rotatable element. In Fig. 5, the flux from the N pole-piece of the magnet passes through the block of magnetic materlal 8, the magnetic path of the coil 17, 18, and the block of magnetic material 10, into the S pole-piece of the magnet. In Fig. 6 the flux path is from the N pole-piece of the magnet through the block 11, coil 17, 18, and block 8, into. the S pole-piece of the ma net. In Fig. 7 the flux path is from the I? pole-piece of the magnet, through block 9, coil 17, 18 and block 11, into the S pole-piece of the magnet. In Fig. 8, the flux path is from the N olepiece of the magnet, through the bloc .10, coil 17, 18, and block 9, into the S pole-piece of the magnet. In Figs. 5 and 7 the direction of the flux through the coil is from left to right, while in Figs. 6 and 8, the direction is from right to left, as indicated by the arrows. It will be seen, therefore, that during one revolution of the rotatable element flux through the coil.

From the foregoing explanation of. the flux changes during a revolution of the rotatable flux-distributing element, as illustrated in Figs. 5-8, it appears that a given block of magnetic material is in the flux path twice per revolution,-'-once when said lock connects magnetically the N polepiece of the magnet to a core pole-piece of the coil, and again when said block connects the S pole-piece of the magnet to said core polepiece of the coil, and that said block is out of the flux path during the rest of the revolution. Otherwise stated, the blocks 811 of magnetic material do not shortcircuit the magnet as they pass from one magnet pole-piece to the other on the side of therotatable flux-distributing element opposite the coil core pieces. Therefore there is a rapid change of the flux through zero, from the maximum of one sign to the maximum of the other sign. It is to be noted that this effect follows naturally from the disposition of the various flux-conducting parts. It will be seen that a block of magnetic material e. g. 9, long enough to act as a connector magnetically between magnet pole-piece 12 and core pole-piece eia-me 13, is yet not long enough to bridge across the lower side of the rotatable fins-distributing. element from one pole-piece 12 to the other 12*. The magnet is, therefore open-circuited at all times below the axis oi the rotatable flux-distributing member, but the flux path is nevertheless never broken because for each block of magnetic material, e. g. S, at one end of the rotatable element in position to act as a magnetic condoctor between a magnet pole-piece and one end of the coil core, there is a corres onding blocker magnetic material at the ot er end of the rotatable element in position to act as a magnetic connector between the other ma net pole-piece the other end of the core.

will be noted that the coil pole-pieces 15's, are termed with thinned edges 1.3 and. t e fins-conducting laminated blocks 84.1 have imilar edges. At ch moment of l The permeability of t l circuit of the l L consequence oi the high degree ratio" of i thinned edges. This oou't a rapid creel: of current, and f .rtiier losses in the local y making available 3 in the secondary. 's ii proved generator to he sample, an engine of the four- 7 has L twelve cylinders arwc rows of sin cylinders each angle of degress in the L sions occur in the order, 6, 15, 165, 2 19, 860 degrees, etc. Otherwis stated, there are sir: explosions per turn oi the crank share, with three short intervals oi e5 degrees and three long intervals of Y5 degrees between explosions. In order to provide the sin: ignition periods required per turn of the crash shaft with two fluxdistributing members at each end of the rotatable member, the magneto is driven at one and one-half times crank .shat't speed. The order of firing positions of the rotatable element will then be 0, 67%, 112%, 180, 247%, 360, degrees, etc. Otherwise stated, there arefour firing positions of the rotatable element for each turn thereof, with two short intervals of 67% degrees and two long intervals of 112% de recs between firing positions. Figs. 9-12 il ustrate these firing positions.

Referring to Fig. 9, the coil core pole piece 13 has just been disconnected magnetically from magnet pole piece 12 and brought into connection with magnet pole piece 12* by the movement of flux conductmg member 8. Coil core pole piece 14 has just been disconnected magnetically from magnet ole piece 12 by the movement of flux con ucting member 10 and brought into connection with magnet pole piece 12 by ne coil is the movement oi her 11.

Referring to Fig. 10, the rotatable element has moved 67%} degrees from its position in 9-. Coil core pole piece 13 has just been disconnected magnetically from magnet pole piece-12 bytlie movement of the flux-conducting member 8 and brought into connection with magnet pole piece 12 by the movement of flux-conducting mem her 9. Core coil pole'piece is has been disconnected magnetically from magnet pole piece 12 and connected to magnet pole p' 12 by t e movement of flux-conducting member 11.

has conducting memliielerring to 11, rotatable element has moved deg ro i. its position in Fig. 1G. l'l e mags connections of the magnet pole pieces 1 12 and the coil core pole pieces are sim to of Fig. 9, the rotatable element h ing turned through 180 degrees from position in rotatable brings it 6 will be ob u--. in firing positions oi coil core pole shoes are call with reference to the magnet pole shoes.

for illustration, which thereis interval of 67% degrees between filing positions followed by a long interval of 112?} degrees, the angular nonmagnetic space between the upper edge of example .12, at one end of the machine, and the coil core pole shoe 13 is comparatively short, while the angular space between the upper edge of the opposite magnet pole shoe 12 and the coil core pole shoe 13 is comparatively long. The difference in length of the angular spaces is approximately the difference between the short and long inter- Vals between firing positions, i. e. 112% minus 67% degrees, or 45 degrees. Corresponding to the short angular space between the upper edge of the magnet pole shoe 12 and the coil core pole shoe 13 at one end of the ma.- chine is a similar short angular space at the other end of the machine between the upper edge of the magnet pole shoe 12 and the coil core pole shoe 14, but this latter short angular space is on the opposite side of the magnets from that on which is located the magnet pole shoe 12. Corresponding to the a pole shoe, for

long angular space between magnet pole shoe 12 and coil core pole shoe 14,.at one end of the machine is a similar long space at the other end of the machine between the magnet pole shoe 12" and the-coil core pole shoe 13, but the latter long space is likewise on the opposite side of the magnets from that on which is located the magnet pole shoe 12.

Figures 3 and 4 illustrate a. modification of the invention. The machine there shown is arranged for the same unequal firing order as the preferred construction already described, but the unsymmetrical spacing of the coil core pole shoes with reference to the adjacent upper edges of the magnet pole shoes is accomplished as follows:

Instead of offsetting the coil core ole pieces from the center line, as in the rstdescribed construction, they are placed symmetrically with respect to that line, as shown at 14". The magnet pole shoes in this case are not of uniform cross section and configuration throughout their length, but the face of each shoe is recessed in diagonally opposite portions, as shown at 12'. Each of said recesses extends from about the vertical center line of the shoe to one end there'- of and from about the longitudinal center line of the shoe to one of its longitudinal edges, and the recesses of one magnet poleshoe are located opposite the unrecessed portions of the other. By this construction, the

salient edge 12 at one end of each magnet pole shoe is higher than the salient edge 12 at the other end of the same magnet shoe, as best seen in Fig. 4, thus providing the required unequal angular spaces between said edges and the centrally or symmetricallylocated coil core pole pieces, and producing the same result as in the first-described construction.

In the machine shown in the drawings, the flux conducting members of the rotatable element are arranged so that the flux through the coil alternate four times per revolution, as before explained in connection with Figs. 5 to 8. The four flux conducting members which produce the four alternations of flux per revolution are spaced on the rotatable element in sets of two at each end. It is evident, however, that the number of flux carrying members is not limited to two sets of two each. but that there may be more than two members in each set and that the number of sets may be increased, all without departing from the scope of the invention as defined. by the claims.

\Vithout such departure, the interrupter and distributor as well as certain other parts may also be modified in construction and arrangement, or a plurality of interrupters or distributors may be used, or the high tension distributing means may be located elsewhere than on the ignition machine itself.

I claim as my invention:

1. In combination in a magneto electric machine, a permanent magnet having a pair of pole shoes, a coil, a coil core having a pair of pole shoes, and a rotatable flux distributing element carrying flux conducting members, each coil core shoe being separated from said magnet pole shoes by non-magnetic angular spaces of substantially different lengths, the two short angular spaces being of substantially equal length and disposed adjacent to opposite magnet pole shoes, and the two long angular spaces being likewise of substantially equal length and disposed adjacent to opposite magnet pole shoes.

, 2. In combination in a magneto electric machine, a permanent magnet having a pair of pole shoes, a coil, a coil core having a pair of pole shoes, and a rotatable flux distributing element carrying two sets of flux conducting members, each coil core pole shoe being separated from said magnet pole shoes by angular spaces of substantially diffeIent lengths, said flux conducting members being so disposed about the axis of the rotatable element that one of said conducting members at one end of the rotatable element is in position to break magnetic connection between a coil core pole shoe and a given magnet pole shoe and to establish magnetic connection between said coil core pole shoe and the other magnet pole shoe while one of the conducting members at the other end of the rotatable element is in position to establish magnetic connection between the other coil core pole shoe and said given magnet pole shoe, and the other conducting member at said other end of the rotatable element is in position to break magnetic con nection between said other coil core pole shoe and said other magnet pole shoe.

3. In combination in a magneto electric machine, a permanent magnet having a pair of pole shoes, a coil, a coil core having a pair of pole shoes, and a rotatable flux distributing element carrying two sets of flux conducting members, each coil core pole shoe being se arated from said magnet pole shoes by angu ar spaces of substantially different lengths, the short angular spaces being of substantially equal length and disposed adjacent to opposite magnet poles, and the long angular spaces being likewise of substantially equal length and disposed adjacent to opposite magnet poles, said flux-conducting members being so disposed about the axis of said rotatable element that when one of said conducting members at one end of the rotatable element is in position to break magnetic. connection between a coil-core pole shoe and a given magnet pole shoe and to establish magnetic connection between said coil core pole shoe and the other magnet pole shoe, one of the conducting members at the other end of the rotatable element is in position to establish magnetic connection between the other coil core pole shoe and said given magnet pole shoe and the other flux conducting member at said other end of the rotatable element is in position to break magnetic connection between said other coil core pole shoe and said other magnet pole shoe.

4. In combination in a magneto electric machine, a permanent magnet having a pair of pole shoes, a coil, a coil core having a pair of pole shoes, and a rotatable flux distributing element carrying two like sets of flux-conducting members, a set consisting of a plurality of like members disposed at equal angular intervals about the axis of the rotatable element, each coil corepole shoe being separated from said magnet pole shoes by angular spaces of substantially different lengths, the short angular spaces being of.

equal length and the long angular spaces being likewise of equal length, the individual members of the set of flux conducting members at one end of the rotatable element coming into position in turn, at intervals of angular movement of said element equal to 360 degrees divided by the number of members in said set, to break magnetic connection between a coil core pole'shoe and an adjacent magnet pole shoe and to establish magnetic connection between said coil core pole shoe and the other magnet pole shoe,

the individual members of the set of flux conducting members at the other end of the rotatable element likewise coming into position in turn, at intervals of angular movement of said element equal to 360 degrees divided by the number of members in said set, to break magnetic connection between the coil core pole shoe at said other end of the rotatable element and an adjacent, magnet pole shoe and to establish magnetic connection between said coil core pole shoe and KNUT H. MCiRCK. 

